Confronting Procurement Challenges Nairobi S State...

CONFRONTING PROCUREMENT CHALLENGES IN KENYA’S STATE CORPORATIONS Student ID: 00414787 A dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of The University of Salford for the degree of Master of Science in Procurement, Logistics and Supply Chain Management August 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF FIGURES/LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Aim of the Study 4 1.4 Research Objectives 4 1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................5 1.6 Significance of the Study 5 1.7 Delimitation of the Study 6 1.8 Limitations of the Study 6 1.9 Organization of the Study 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Overview of Public Procurement 7 2.2 Theoretical Literature 7 2.3 Empirical Review 8 2.4.1 Management Styles in Confronting Procurement Challenges 9 2.4.2 Organization Culture in Confronting Procurement Challenges 9 2.4.3 Stakeholders Involvement in Confronting Procurement Challenges 10 2.4.3 Organizational Resources in Confronting Procurement Challenges 10 2.5 Empirical Literature 10 2.5 Conceptual Framework 13 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Research Design 15 3.3 Population of the Study 15 3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure 16 3.5 Research Instruments 17 3.6 Pretesting of the instrument 17 3.7 Data Collection Procedures 17 3.8 DataShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesD421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm forRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pageses Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Oxford University Press 2006

Julius Caesar And The Fall Of The Roman Republic - 1122 Words

Tyler Boyer Coach Charb World History 9 June 2017 Julius Caesar and the fall of the Roman Republic Julius Caesar was one of if not the greatest ruler the Roman Republic has ever seen. He was born in 100 BC to Aurelia and Gaius Caesar. Although his family was hailed by Roman aristocrats, they were still very poor. When Julius Caesar was only 16 his father died. Rome was very unstable at this time, almost being in chaos. Around the time his father died Caesar decided to make an effort bringing back the nobility of him country. Caesar ended up marrying the daughter of a noble and the dictator at the time, Sulla, wanted Caesar to divorce his wife. Caesar refused and decided to join the military instead. Directly after Sulla’s death Caesar†¦show more content†¦Around this time Caesar received governorship of Gaul (Now France and Belgium) and started to why he one of the greatest military leaders of all time. He ended up capturing the rest of Gaul while still maintaining a political state in Rome by using political agents to act on his behalf. Throughout this time Pompey was getting jealous of Caesar’s power and Crassus has not gotten fully over his hatred of Pompey. In 56 BC however, they seemed to have worked everything out with each other as Caesar got territorial rule of Gaul for the next five years, Pompey got a 5-year rule in Spain, and Crassus a five-year rule in Syria. However, a couple years later Crassus died in battle, and Pompey got envious of Caesar once again. Caesar eventually ended up going to war with Pompey. He pushed through the River of Rubicon eventually pushing through Italy into Egypt and killing Pompey. When he got to Egypt he aligned himself with Cleopatra and had a son, Caesarion. After this Caesar returned to Rome and was made dictator for life. He was seen as the person who was going to reform Rome. He only ended up serving a 1 year term before being assassinated. But in this time, he relieved debt and reformed the senate, reformed the roman calendar, reorganized lo cal government, brought back up to city states, and granted citizenship to many foreigners. He also would invite some of the people who defeated in battle to come work in the Roman government. He was careful to not give anyone else tooShow MoreRelatedFall of the Roman Republic Julius Caesar Essay626 Words   |  3 Pagesare many contributions to the fall of the roman republic. Three of the main ones can be linked to the Actions and legacy of Sulla, Caesars military campaigns and Caesars dictatorship. The decline of the Republic began in the middle of the second century B.C. with political, economic, and social events. These events in addition to the burdens of civil war on Rome, lead to the inevitable failure of the Republic. The first contribution to the fall of the roman republic is linked to the actions and legacyRead MoreJulius Caesar and the Fall of the Roman Republic Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pagesdeification of Julius Caesar the Roman republic fell, when it had been structurally sound for four centuries before? When the republic was established around the end of the 6th century B.C.E., the Romans made clear that they wished to avoid all semblance of the monarchy that had ruled for two centuries before. (T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC), London and New York: Routledge, 1995; p. 215) The rule of the Republic was to be splitRead MoreJulius Caesar: Conqueror, General, Builder, Dictator for Life755 Words   |  4 Pages Julius Caesar, an important figure in Roman history, lived during the end of the Roman Republic. His actions would shape the world around him forever. He was an important figure because he grew the Roman Em pire, he brought about the end of the Roman Republic , and was able to grow his status within his lifetime and become dictator for life. Julius Caesar was born on July 12 , 100 BC and died on March 15, 44 BC. Caesar was born into a patrician family. This meant that they were noble andRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Rome Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise and fall of one of the greatest empires known to man, the Roman republic, were caused by several key factors. Three of which were the decline of monarchy within the empire, foreign conquests and expansion of the growing empire, and political battles between powerful officials. The decline of monarchy which caused the rise of the republic was caused by the expulsion of the last Etruscan king. 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With classic alliances and betrayals, the tale of Julius Caesar is still regarded as one of the greatest betrayals in human history. The fate of Rome was heading toward a dictatorship. Only the Roman Republic could stop Julius Caesar from ruling Rome. Little did the Roman Republic know that this assassination would later cause Octavian Caesar to become the first Emperor of the Roman Empire in 27 B.C.ERead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Julius Caesar and Augustus789 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Comparing Julius Caesar with Augustus Introduction. This paper offers background into the life and times of Julius Caesar and Augustus. It also compares and contrasts the two mens positions and accomplishments in the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar According to journalist N.S. Gill, writing in the New York Times affiliate publication, About.com, Julius Caesar was perhaps †¦the greatest man of all times. He was a general, a statesman, and he was adroit at mathematics; also he was a lawgiverRead MoreThe Assassination Of Julius Caesar As A Roman Dictator1086 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar was a Roman Dictator who was both loved and hated by those that he ruled over. Throughout the world, he has been written about in a variety of different ways and is portrayed as a politician as well as a selfish dictator. Three â€Å"firsthand† accounts that were written to give us a better understanding of Julius Caesar were â€Å"The Assassination of Julius Caesar†, â€Å"Tranquillus, Gaius Suetonius†, and â€Å"Plutarch, The Assassination of Julius Caesar, from Marcus Brutus†. We will explore the writings

Unknown Bacteria Free Essays

In order to treat a disease correctly and efficiently, it is important to first identify the microbe that is causing the disease. Isolating the bacteria that is causing the disease and using an antibiotic that specifically targets that microbe, can help prevent or reduce the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics-which can lead to antibiotic resistance. When trying to determine the type of microbe that is causing a disease, there are a number of biochemical tests that are administered. We will write a custom essay sample on Unknown Bacteria or any similar topic only for you Order Now The results of these ifferent tests are analyzed against the characteristics of different bacteria and the perpetrator is revealed. Method I subjected my unknown bacteria to 7 different biochemical tests in order to identify it. I first performed a streak plate in order to get an isolated colony that I could inoculate and perform the tests on. The Sulfur, Indole and Motility test (SIM), the Glucose Fermentation test and the Urea test to help identify my unknown bacteria. For the SIM test, I aseptically inoculated the bacteria into a tube of the SIM media and let it incubate until the next class period. I took the tube out of the incubator and irst observed it for the presence of sulfur as well as for motility. I then added 4 drops of Kovac’s reagent to the SIM agar deep and observed the reaction. In this test, there are more than one enzyme and substrate involved. The sulfur part of this test the enzymes involved are Cysteine Desulfurase and thiosulfate reductase. Cysteine and thiosulfate are the available substrates that are in the media. If either enzyme is produced by the bacteria being inoculated, Hydrogen Sulfide will be produced and will combine with the Iron in the Ferrous sulfate that is already in the media and will roduce a black precipitate-which is a positive result. No production ofa black precipitate is a negative result. In the Indole part of this test, the enzyme involved is tryptophanase has been produced, I added Kovac’s reagent to the media and observed it for a red color-which would indicate a positive result. No appearance of red would be a negative result. Another test I used to identify my unknown was the Glucose Fermentation test. This test determines whether the bacteria produces an acid, acid and gas or an alcohol. For this test, I inoculated my bacteria into a tube of Glucose broth that contained a Durham tube. If, after incubation, there is a bubble in the Durham tube, that is a positive result for the production of gas. No bubble would be a negative result. The media in this tube contained the indicator Phenol Red. A positive result for fermentation to an acid is a yellow color. A negative result for acid production is red. The Urea test was another test I performed to try and identify my bacteria. For this test I inoculated my unknown into a tube of urea broth. I let them incubate until the next class period. Urease is the enzyme involved in this test that breaks down urea. Phenol red is the indicator used in this test in order to etect a change in PH. If the pH is less than 7, the Phenol Red is yellow-which is a negative result. If the pH is greater than 7, that indicates the presence of the enzyme urease and the Phenol Red will be hot pink-which is a positive result. Forrest Elliott, 2012) Results Test/Culture Escherichia coli Proteus vulgaris Klebsiella pneumonia Shigella flexneri Salmonella typhimurium Unknown #9 Sulfur Indole +1- Motility Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer Citrate Glucose Lactose Urea Phenylalanine Deaminase My unknown bacteria did not give off a black precipitate in the Sulfur portion of the SIM test so that was a negative result. It turned a pink color in the Indole portion of the SIM test so that was a positive result. The SIM media was cloudy around the area where I inoculated the bacteria, indicating it is positive for motility. The Methyl Red test produced an orange color, which was a negative result. The VP part of the MR-VP test produced an orange color as well, which is a negative result. There was no growth on the Simmon’s Citrate media, indicating a negative result for that test. On both the Glucose and Lactose test, the broth was yellow and there was a bubble, which indicated that the bacteria produced and acid and a gas. How to cite Unknown Bacteria, Papers